# Files 部署 ## 前言 本章節將帶您一步一步建立Files,請注意本實驗指南為了節省資源,使用單FSVM的配置,在現實環境中您應該是要使用最少3FSVM的配置才能做到高可用和負載平衡。 ## 參考文件
主題文件
有關在 Prism Element Web 控制台和檔控制台中管理檔伺服器和共用的功能概述和說明,包括以下內容: - 網路管理 - 目錄服務和域管理 - 使用者管理和配額 - 使用檔主控台和 Prism Element Web 控制台進行數據管理和性能優化 - NearSync, Async, and Metro Availability - Smart Tiering 智慧分層 - Self-service restore 自助還原 - Share migration 共享遷移 - 高可用性 (HA) - 基於CVM和FSVM的命令列介面(CLI)過程 - Security Hardening 安全加固 - 故障排除 Nutanix Files User Guide
在PC中管理 File Server 的功能概述和說明,包括以下內容: - Files on Azure Azure - Files on a Public Cloud - Technical Preview 公有雲上的檔 - 技術預覽版 - Files in a virtual private cloud (VPC) Virtual Private Cloud(VPC)中的檔 - 基於 PC 的檔案伺服器創建 - Role-based access control (RBAC) for Files 檔案的基於角色的存取控制 (RBAC) - Smart DR 智慧災難恢復 - Smart Sync 智慧同步 - VDI Sync Files Manager User Guide
功能描述和相容性要求、已解決的問題和已知問題。Nutanix Files Release Notes
## 防火牆開通要求 [埠參考](https://portal.nutanix.com/page/documents/list?type=software&filterKey=software&filterVal=Ports%20and%20Protocols&productType=Files)提供了 Nutanix 產品和服務的詳細埠資訊,包括埠源和目標、服務描述、方向性和協定要求。 ## 要求 - 從支援門戶下載頁面安裝File Server Module(FSM),或使用 Life Cyle Manager(LCM)升級到相容版本。 - 配置和定義儲存網路(IP數量:FSVM數量+1)。 - 配置和定義客戶端網路(IP數量:FSVM數量)。 - 至少有一個網路(Nutanix 推薦兩個網路),單FSVM需要1個儲存端網路和1個客戶端網路。 - 設置網路時間協定(NTP)伺服器。 - 配置iSCSI Data Service IP - 如果使用 Active Directory(AD)進行使用者身份驗證,請具有網域管理員(domain administrator)或具有委派許可權的使用者的權限。 - 如果使用SMB協定,請為Windows用戶端啟用分散式文件系統(DFS),預設情況下處於打開狀態。 - 如果您計劃將LDAP用於具有搜索所需許可權的NFS協定,請具有綁定可分辨名稱(DN)的憑據。 - 為 NFS 用戶端設置唯一的主機名。 - ESXi 集群具有以下附加要求: - 將 AOS 集群中的所有 ESXi 主機節點註冊到同一 vCenter。 - Nutanix 還建議啟用分散式資源調度器 (DRS)。 - 檔案伺服器需要以下最低配置。 - vCPU:4。 - 記憶體:12GiB。 - 對於每個檔案伺服器,CVM的數量必須等於或大於FSVM的數量,以確保在出現節點故障時的可用性。 ## 限制 請參考[Configuration Maximums(最高配置)](https://portal.nutanix.com/page/documents/configuration-maximum/list?software=Nutanix%20Files&version=4.4.0) 頁面提供有關文件系統限制的詳細資訊。 ## PE Files部署 ```bash sudo passwd nutanix ``` ```bash sudo passwd nutanix ``` 1. 使用您的管理員帳號登入Prism Element(PE) 2. 點擊左上方選單,找到Settings[![pe_deploy_files_1.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/pe-deploy-files-1.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/pe-deploy-files-1.png) 3. 在Settings -> Upgrade Software -> File Server -> 找到您要部署的版本,點擊Download ![pe_deploy_files_2.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/pe-deploy-files-2.png)如果環境無法對外下載的話要去Support Portal下載檔案伺服器的安裝檔Binary File和元數據檔Metadata File,並上傳。 [![Xnip2024-09-03_01-16-10.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-01-16-10.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-01-16-10.png) [![image.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/zclimage.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/zclimage.png) 4. 下載完成後點擊Continue。 [![Xnip2024-09-03_01-20-46.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-01-20-46.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-01-20-46.png) 5. 會導向到File Server的頁面,點擊 + File Server [![pe_deploy_files_6.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-01-22-10.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-01-22-10.png) 6. 會做部署前的預先檢查,如果有不符合的部分會需要做配置 [![pe_deploy_files_7.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-01-25-03.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-01-25-03.png) 7. 創建檔案伺服器 - Basic - Name:FS-XYZ-DR,其中XYZ表示課程Lab所分的組別 - DNS Domain:ntnxlab.local - File Storage:1TiB [![pe_deploy_files_8.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-01-45-22.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-01-45-22.png) - Capacity Configuration -> Customize -> Configuration manually -> 在Number of File Server VMs調整為1 -> Save -> Next [![pe_deploy_files_9.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-01-50-23.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-01-50-23.png) [![pe_deploy_files_10](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-01-50-35.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-01-50-35.png) [![pe_deploy_files_11](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-01-50-54.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-01-50-54.png) [![Xnip2024-09-03_01-51-13.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-01-51-13.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-01-51-13.png) 8. 創建檔案伺服器 - Client Network - VLAN 選擇客戶端所在的網段 - 配置Subnet Mask/ Gateway/ 配置IP並儲存 - 配置DNS/NTP [![pe_deploy_files_13.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-01-57-26.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-01-57-26.png) [![pe_deploy_files_14.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-01-58-57.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-01-58-57.png) [![pe_deploy_files_15.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-01-59-31.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-01-59-31.png) 9. 創建檔案伺服器 - Storage Network - VLAN 選擇儲存端所在的網段(一般跟CVM同段) - 配置Subnet Mask/ Gateway/ 配置IP並儲存[![pe_deploy_files_16.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-02-21-18.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-02-21-18.png) [![pe_deploy_files_17.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-02-22-10.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-02-22-10.png) 10. 創建檔案伺服器 - Directory Services 配置你計畫的協定和配置目錄服務,這部分可以跳過之後再到Directory Services選項去設定 - Use SMB Protocol:使用SMB協定 - Active Directory Realm Name:AD網域 - Username:輸入 AD 使用者名,必須使用domain\\username 格式或 UPN 格式username@ADrealm,您必須擁有管理員帳戶或相關 AD 組織單位(OU)網域的以下所需權限: - Create computer objects: 允許委派管理員在指定的 OU 路徑中創建電腦帳戶,這是 Files 加入網域的要求。 - Read service principal names:幫助設置計算機帳戶的服務主體名稱 (SPN)。Kerberos 對文件的訪問需要SPN。

請勿刪除 AD 中的檔案伺服器電腦物件(computer object),因為這可能會導致檔案伺服器服務中斷。 如果檔案伺服器的 DNS 網域名稱不同 AD 網域名稱中,還需要以下權限: Read/Write DNS host name

- 如果使用非特權帳戶請參考 [KB9424 Nutanix Files - Assign domain permissions to users through Active Directory](https://portal.nutanix.com/page/documents/kbs/details?targetId=kA00e000000CyBgCAK) - Make this user a File Server admin:將此使用者設為檔案管理員 - 在進階選項中 - 較喜好的網域控制站 - 組織單位OU:輸入您的首選組織單位名稱。默認情況下,Files 會在 「Computers」 OU 容器中創建電腦帳戶。如果存在 Sub-OU 字段,請使用以下格式:parentcompanyOU/sub-ou1/sub-ou2/sub-oux舉例來說如果 distinguished name 是 OU=Infrastructure, OU=Servers, OU=Test, OU=Services,DC=contoso, DC=com,請使用以下格式輸入 OU 路徑:Services/Test/Servers/Infrastructure。 - Use NFS Protocol:使用NFS協定 [![pe_deploy_files_18.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-02-36-19.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-02-36-19.png) [![pe_deploy_files_19.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-11-00-02.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-11-00-02.png) 11. 創建檔案伺服器 - Summary,檢視配置無誤,點擊下一步 預設會建立一個Asyncnchronous DR Protection Domain [![pe_deploy_files_20.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-02-41-13.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-02-41-13.png) [![pe_deploy_files_21.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-03-02-41-22.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-03-02-41-22.png) 12. 部署完成後 -> 檢查DNS,客戶如果沒有看自動更新AD DNS的權限,可以手動檢查,點擊Verify驗證 [![Xnip2024-09-05_01-20-47.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-05-01-20-47.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-05-01-20-47.png) [![pe_deploy_files_23.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-05-01-21-00.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-05-01-21-00.png) 13. 部署完成後 -> 確認OU下面有File的電腦物件 [![Xnip2024-09-05_01-20-11.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-05-01-20-11.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-05-01-20-11.png) 14. 修改預設密碼,登入FSVM輸入以下指令 ``` sudo passwd nutanix ``` 15. 修改時區,登入FSVM輸入以下指令 ```bash afs fs.get_timezone afs fs.set_timezone "region_name/city_name" ``` [![Xnip2024-09-06_01-07-26.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-06-01-07-26.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-06-01-07-26.png) ## PC Files 部署 Files Manager 允許您從單個控制平面查看和控制所有檔案伺服器。您可以通過 PC 中的檔案管理員部署、管理和更新新的檔案伺服器。 所有已註冊檔伺服器的檔案伺服器警報都顯示在一個管理平面中,以便進行整合查看,檔伺服器事件也是如此。雖然您可以使用檔管理員訪問所有已部署的文件伺服器,但使用 Prism Element (PE) 部署的檔案伺服器的管理仍保留在 PE 中。 Nutanix Files Manager為Files 提供了多項主要功能:Smart DR 允許您在Share級別保護檔案伺服器,而數據同步允許您將數據從一個或多個檔案伺服器源路徑同步到另一個檔案伺服器。 1. 登入Prsim Central -> Admin Center -> Marketplace -> Files [![pe_deploy_files_25.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-05-01-44-50.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-05-01-44-50.png) 2. 點擊Deploy [![pe_deploy_files_26.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-05-01-45-09.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-05-01-45-09.png) 3. 部署完成後會顯示Running [![Xnip2024-09-05_02-00-14.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-05-02-00-14.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-05-02-00-14.png) 4. 部署完後是舊版的,點擊Admin Center -> LCM -> Inventory -> Perform Inventory做查找新的Files版本 [![Xnip2024-09-05_02-02-17.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-05-02-02-17.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-05-02-02-17.png) 5. Inventory完成後會有可以升級的版本,點擊Update -> View Upgrade Plan -> 勾選 File Manager/NCC [![Xnip2024-09-05_02-09-28.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-05-02-09-28.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-05-02-09-28.png) 6. 點擊Apply Updates [![Xnip2024-09-05_02-09-52.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-05-02-09-52.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-05-02-09-52.png) 7. 升級完成後如下點擊點擊左上方選單 -> Files [![pc_deploy_files_32.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-05-16-40-10.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-05-16-40-10.png) [![Xnip2024-09-05_16-38-25.png](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/scaled-1680-/xnip2024-09-05-16-38-25.png)](https://nutanixbooks.skywebster.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-09/xnip2024-09-05-16-38-25.png)